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Psychrophilic (cold loving) bacteria have interested me for close to two and half decades. This interest has taken me to Antarctica in 1984 and 1995 and to the Arctic in 2007 and 2010. My objectives are to establish the identity of these cold loving bacteria, to understand the molecular basis of survival at freezing temperatures and to use them for bitechnological applications. The effort has resulted in the description of about 40 new species of bacteria from diverse cold habitats. In addition it has also led to the identification of three genes required for the survival of bacteria at low temperatures. A few of the recent publications are listed below:
1. Sundareswaran, V.R., Singh, A.K., Dube, S. and Shivaji, S. (2010) Aspartate aminotransferase is involved in cold adaptation in psychrophilic Pseudomonas syringae. Arch. Microbiol. In press.
2. Pradhan, S., Srinivas, T.N.R., Pindi, P.K., Hara Kishore, K., Begum, Z., Singh, P.K., Singh, A.K., Pratibha, M.S., Yasala, A.K., Reddy, G.S.N. and Shivaji, S. (2010) Bacterial biodiversity from Roopkung Glacier, Himalayan mountain ranges, India. Extremophiles, In press.
3. Shivaji, S. and Prakash, J.S.S. (2010) How do bacteria sense and respond to low temperature? Arch. Microbiol. 192 : 85-95.
4. Prakash, J.S.S., Kanesaaki, Y., Suzuki, I., Shivaji, S. and Murata, N. (2010) An RNA helicase, CrhR, regulates the low-temperature-inducible expression of three genes for molecular chaperones in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Microbiology, 156 : 442-451.
5. Anil Kumar, P., Srinivas, T.N.R., Pavan Kumar, P., Madhu, S. and Shivaji, S. (2010) Nitritalea halalkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic bacterium of the family ‘Cyclobacteriaceae’, phylum ‘Bacteroidetes’. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.020230-0
6. Singh, A.K. and Shivaji, S. (2010) A cold-active and a heat-labile t-RNA modification GTPase from a psychrophilic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae (Lz4W). Res. Microbiol. 161 : 46-50.
7. Singh, A.K., Pindi, P.K., Dube, S., Sundareswaran, V.R. and Shivaji, S. (2009) In the psychrophilic Pseudomonas syringae, trmE is important for low temperature growth. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 4419-4426.
8. Pathan, A.A.K., Bhadra, B., Begum, Z. and Shivaji, S. (2010) Diversity of yeasts from puddles in the vicinity of Midre Lov´enbreen glacier, Arctic and bioprospecting for enzymes and fatty acids. Curr. Microbiol. 60 : 307-314.
9. Shivaji, S., Chaturvedi, P., Begum, Z., Pindi, P.K., Manorama, R., Padmanaban, D., Shouche, Y.S., Pawar, S., Vaishampayan, P., Dutt, C.B.S., Datta, G.N., Manchanda, R.K., Rao, U.R., Bhargava, P.M. and Narlikar, J.V. (2009) Isolation of three novel bacterial strains, Janibacter hoylei sp. nov., Bacillus isronensis sp. nov. and Bacillus aryabhattai sp. nov. from cryotubes used for collecting air from upper atmosphere. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59 : 2977-2986.
10. Reddy, P.V.V., Rao, S.S.S., Pratibha, M.S., Sailaja, B., Kavya, B., Manorama, R., Singh, S.M., Srinivas, T.N.R. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Bacterial diversity and bioprospecting for cold-active enzymes from culturable bacteria associated with sediment of melt water stream of Midtre Lov´enbreen glacier, an Arctic glacier. Res. Microbiol. 160 : 538-546.
11. Pindi, P.K., Manorama, R., Begum, Z. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Arthrobacter antarcticus sp. nov. isolated from a sediment from the Antarctic sea. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.012989-0
12. Hara Kishore, K., Begum, Z., Pathan, A.A.K. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Paenibacillus glacialis sp. nov. isolated from Kafni glacier of Himalayas, India. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.015271-0.
13. Shivaji, S. and Reddy, G.S.N. (2009) Bacterial biodiversity of Antarctica : Conventional, Polyphasic and rRNA approaches. In : Polar Microbiology : The Ecology, Biodiversity and Bioremediation Potential of Microorganisms in Extremely Cold Environments, CRC Press. pp. 61-94.
14. Srinivas, T.N.R., Nageswara Rao, S.S.S., Vishnu Vardhan Reddy, P., Pratibha, M.S., Sailaja, B., Kavya, B., Hara Kishore, K., Begum, Z., Singh, S.M. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Bacterial diversity and bioprospecting for cold-active lipases, amylases and proteases, from culturable bacteria of Kongsfjorden and Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Arctic. Curr. Microbiol. 59: 537-547.
15. Reddy, G.S.N., Pradhan, S., Manorama, R. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Cryobacterium roopkundense sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium from Roopkund Glacier of the Himalayan mountain ranges. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.011775-0
16. Anil Kumar, P., Srinivas, T.N.R., Madhu, S., Manorama, R. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Indibacter alkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from haloalkaline Lonar Lake, India. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60 : 721-726.
17. Manorama, R., Pindi, P.K., Reddy, G.S.N. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Bhargavaea cecembensis gen. nov. sp. nov. isolated from the Chagos-Laccadive ridge system in the Indian Ocean. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59 : 2618-2623.
18. Pindi, P.K., Hara Kishore, K., Reddy, G.S.N. and Shivaji, S. (2009) Description of Leifsonia kafniensis sp. nov. and Leifsonia antarctica sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59 : 1348-1352.
19. Shivaji, S. and Prasad, G.S. (2009) Antarctic yeasts : Biodiversity and potential applications. In : Yeast Biotechnology : Diversity and Applications. Eds. T. Satyanarayana and G. Kunze, Springer Science and Business Media B.V. XXII, pp. 744.
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